What Does PERM Mean? A Guide to Labor Certification in 2025

 
As a foreign professional hoping to live and work permanently in the U.S., PERM is a major milestone in your journey. 

In 2025, the PERM labor certification is mandatory in most employment-based green card applications. However, it is also one of the most stressful parts of the immigration process. 

Understanding the PERM process is essential for employers and employees. This guide explains what you need to know and how an Immigration Question attorney can help. 

What is PERM? 

PERM stands for Program Electronic Review Management, a system created by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) to handle permanent labor certification applications. Since its launch in 2005, PERM has served a core purpose: protecting U.S. workers. 

Here is how it works: Before an employer can sponsor a foreign worker for a green card, they must prove that no qualified U.S. worker can fill the role. They must also prove that hiring a foreign worker will not negatively affect wages or job opportunities for American workers. 

The PERM process ensures employers follow specific recruitment steps and submit a detailed application. Only after getting certified can they move forward with the immigration process. 

Who Needs PERM Certification? 

Not everyone applying for a U.S. green card needs PERM labor certification. Here are the categories of people who do: 

Employers sponsoring workers under: 

• EB-2 (for jobs requiring advanced degrees or exceptional ability) 

• EB-3 (for skilled workers, professionals, and other workers) 

• Foreigners applying for permanent residency through EB-2 and EB-3 

You do not need PERM if you are applying under: 

• EB-1 (for individuals with extraordinary abilities or multinational executives) 

• EB-2 National Interest Waiver (NIW) 

• Schedule A occupations like nurses and physical therapists 

What is the PERM Process in 2025? 

The PERM journey can take several months to a few years. Here is a step-by-step look at what is involved: 

1. Define the Job 

The employer must clearly outline the position’s duties, location, and minimum requirements for education and experience. 

2. Request a Prevailing Wage 

The employer requests a prevailing wage determination from the DOL to ensure the salary meets legal standards. 

3. Recruit U.S. Workers 

To test the labor market, employers must: 

• Post job ads in newspapers and with the state workforce agency 

• Display a worksite notice 

• Take additional steps like online postings or job fairs 

This phase lasts about 2–3 months and must be thoroughly documented. 

4. Submit the Application (Form ETA 9089) 

After recruitment, the employer files the PERM application with detailed job information, recruitment efforts, and the foreign worker’s qualifications. 

5. DOL Review 

Once submitted, the Department of Labor processes the application. It can be: 

• Approved (green light for the next step) 

• Audited (slows things down by 6+ months) 

• Denied (back to square one or appeal time) 
   

PERM Requirements for EB-2 vs. EB-3 

EB-2 PERM 

Designed for jobs that require: 

• A master’s degree (or equivalent experience) 

• Exceptional ability in fields like science, arts, or business 

EB-3 PERM 

Covers three categories: 

• Skilled workers (at least 2 years of training or experience) 

• Professionals (minimum of a bachelor’s degree) 

• Other workers (jobs requiring less than 2 years of training) 

Both paths require PERM, but EB-2 usually has stricter requirements.  

Why Work with an Immigration Question Attorney? 

The PERM process is not DIY-friendly. A simple mistake can cost months or lead to a denial—this is where a verified Immigration Question attorney steps in. 

Here is how an Immigration Question lawyer can help: 

• Define your job requirements correctly 

• Explain the complex recruitment rules 

• Submit accurate, timely documentation 

• Handle audits or RFEs (Requests for Evidence) 

At Immigration Question, we have seen how legal guidance can make the difference between delay and approval. Visit Immigration Question today to get started. 

Frequently Asked Immigration Questions About PERM 

Is PERM the same as a Green Card? 

PERM is just the first step in the employment-based green card process. It is handled entirely by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Once the PERM labor certification is approved, your employer can file Form I-140 with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), which moves you closer to getting a green card. 

How long does the PERM process take in 2025? 

On average, the process can take 15 to 24+ months: 

• 5–8 months for wage determination 

• 2–3 months for recruitment 

• 15–17 months for DOL processing 

• Add 6+ months for potential audits. 

Do I need an Immigration lawyer for PERM? 

You do not have to hire one, but having a professional can drastically improve your chances of success and save you from mistakes. 

What happens after PERM is approved? 

Your employer can file Form I-140. Once approved, you can apply for adjustment of status or consular processing. 

What is the difference between EB-2 and EB-3 PERM? 

EB-2 requires higher education or exceptional skills, while EB-3 includes a broader range of jobs. Both require PERM, but eligibility and wait times are different.